A pap smear also known as the pap test is a medical procedure in which a sample of cells from a womans cervix the end of the uterus that extends into the vagina is collected, processed and stained. However, the procedure is quite intensive and takes time. Liquidbased pap smear is warranted for all women with newonset postmenopausal bleeding, even when the patient has had a pap test within 3 years. Pap smear screening programme for detection of abnormal cervical cytology 881 p j m h s vol. Even though newer cervical cytology guidelines propose less frequent pap tests in the menopause, remember that there is. Since then a lot of countries in the western world has switched from conventional pap smear more details cps method to lbc, although amid contrasting results from various studies comparing the benefits of lbc with cps. Manual for cytology pdf 44p this book covers the following topics. The new pap smear guidelines 2012 recommend that a womans first pap smear should be when she is 21 years old and not before.
More than half of all highgrade lesions are preceded by an ascus or agus pap smear. Abnormal cervical cytology in women eligible for ivf. Integrated cervical smear screening using liquid based. A correlation study of cervical cytology on pap smear with cervical biopsy in a tertiary hospital of eastern nepal.
Recommendations of other groups about pap smear for cervical cancer. May 20, 2019 a pap smear test is often done along with a pelvic examination. Cervical cancer screening guidelines for averagerisk women. In our study, positive relationship was found in age at first intercourse and incidence of genital infection 48. Not all problems need treatment, and those that do. Clinicians must receive appropriate training in taking cervical scrape samples and slide preparation. Liquidbased, thinlayer preparation of cervical cytology specimens was a subsequent modification in technique. Screening with conventional pap testing should occur every year. Is the thinprep better than conventional pap smear at.
Clients who send more than one of the large bags 4. It can also reveal changes in your cervical cells that may turn into cancer later. It is also known as cervical cytology or vaginal smear technique. Pamlpshmc cytology uses the bethesda 2001 reporting system for all gyn samples. Aug 22, 2018 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. It also gives extensive lists of bibliographic citations. Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Pdf abnormal cervical cytology in women eligible for ivf. Not all problems need treatment, and those that do can be treated quite easily and usually very successfully. Papanicolaou smear cytology is widely accepted as a valuable diagnostic tool in the detection of cervical cancer and has also been described to be useful in the diagnosis of external ocular tumors. Pap smear study of cervical cytology, ijsr international. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and its cytologic precursors are conditions of sexually.
Being sexual active does not change this recommendation. Pap test results pap tests, pap smears, hpv, cervical cancer. Sampling of the cervical transformation zone, which is most vulnerable to this infection, is an integral part of the pap smear 15, 16,106108. Comparison of pap smear and colposcopy in screening for.
Conventional cervical cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening. Tbs 1988 created a standardized framework for cervical cytology reports that included an evaluation of specimen. Pdf comparative study of visual inspection with acetic. Atlas of gynecological pathology download pdf atlas of exfoliative cytopathology book full.
Colposcopy and biopsy was carried out in 45 cases with abnormal cytology either on pap spin or conventional pap smear. Pdf pap smear cytology and identification of human. Conventional pap smear method has been the mainstay of most of the screening programs for many decades. The bethesda systembethesda atlaspap testcervical cytologyreporting. Number 3 revised november 2008 1 introduction programme of screening the guidelines on the management of abnormal cervical cytology was revised in 2002 because of the revision of the bethesda system in 2001 and the introduction of hpv.
Interpretation of results pap test report view in chinese. Cervical cancer basic facts on screening and the pap test what is cervical cancer. The papanicolaou smear or the pap smear has been widely available since its first introduction into singapore in 1964. Ppap smear reportingap smear reporting the pap smear reporting classification has evolved and been refined over time. Liquidbased cytology lbc was introduced in mid1990s as an alternative technique to process cervical samples.
At the end of the test or after every question if you want you will have the possibilty to view the correct answers, and in some but not. Between 1991 and 2001, liquidbased cytology, automation, computerassisted imaging, and hpv testing were introduced and increasingly utilized in laboratories that offered cervical cytology testing. Pap smears are not perfect for a high grade lesion, the sensitivity of a single pap smear is only 6080% estimated false negative rate is 3050%. Cytology specimen collection manual the primary purpose of the clhpppi cytology collecti on manual is. Cervical cancer basic facts on screening and the pap test. The bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. The aim of this study was to compare the various cytologic features of thinprep and conventional.
Primary care anal cancer with anal papanicolaou pap smears is controversial, we agree with the infectious disease society of america guidelines, which recommend anal pap tests for hivpositive msm, hivpositive women. Comparison of conventional pap smear and liquidbased cytology. Pdf detection of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears. Edited by frappart l, fontaniere b, lucas e, sankaranarayanan r. Hpv testing high risk types is the preferred method for triage of ascus results using liquid cytology for ages 2565. Cytology results were reported in accordance with the bethesda system 2001. Triaging pap cytology negative, hpv positive cervical. This information is also available on the second page of this pdf download. Papanicolaou test also called pap smear, pap test, cervical smear, or smear test is a screening test used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the the endocervical canal transformation zone of the female reproductive system. Ppt gynecologic cytopathology powerpoint presentation. Conventional pap smear and liquid based cytology for cervical cancer screening a comparative study.
The advantages of diagnostic cytology are that it is a noninvasive, simple procedure, helps in faster reporting, is relatively inexpensive, has high population acceptance and facilitates. Finally, it provides information to users on how to. Pap smears, cytology and cchc lab work and follow up. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Download the smear pdf or read the smear pdf online books in pdf, epub and mobi format. This test specifically identifies hpv 16 and hpv 18, while concurrently detecting 12 other types of high risk hpvs. Whether the pap smear is an adequate sample incidental findings such as evidence of infection evidence of lesions. Primary hrhpv testing is defined as a standalone test for cervical cancer screening without concomitant cytology testing. Main purpose of the test is to detect precancerous lesions called squamous intraepithelial lesion sil, which are often caused by sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses. It is important to remember that almost all abnormal pap test results are not due to cancer. It is this area that the sample is taken from for the pap smear. Looking for the meaning of pap smear, or its results or why is pap smear done, or what is the cost of pap smear. A pap smear test, also known as a papanicolaou test liquid based cytology lbc, is a screening procedure to detect cervical cancer in women, which is caused by a sexually transmitted virus.
Role of diagnostic cytology, collection and preparation of material for cytodiagnosis, cytopreparatory techniques of serous effusions, fixation of cytology specimens, staining methods in cytology. Pdf cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smear according to. Pdf cervical carcinoma is an important womens health problem worldwide. For reliable and consistent data generated from vaginal cytology studies, evaluations of the cytology smears must be based on wellestablished standardized criteria. Aug 19, 20 a comparison of 3 ways of conventional pap smear, liquidbased cytology and colposcopy vs cervical biopsy for early diagnosis of premalignant lesions or cervical cancer in women with abnormal conventional pap test.
Gynecologic cytopathology conventional pap smear historical overview cervical cytology practice. Siobhan bourke discusses and demonstrates correct technique for taking cervical samples. This monograph essentials of pap smear and breast cytology is prepared at the request of a large number of students in cytology who wish to have a small and concise book with numerous illustrations for easy reference during their laboratory training. The fda has approved thinprep as an alternative for the cp smear and approved claims that it is more. Papanicolaou stain an overview sciencedirect topics. Since its introduction in the 1940s the papsmear test has helped reduce the. Pap smear pdf pap smear pdf free download, pap smear pdf, pap smear ebook content this is a 3in1 reference book. By adopting definitive management strategies for these types of abnormal cytology, obgyns have a unique opportunity to prevent cervical cancer. Pdf a correlation study of cervical cytology on pap smear. Annual pap smear after two negative lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minoritized youth. Click download or read online button to get the smear pdf book now. This study analyses the distribution of cytology, histology, colposcopy and large loop excision of the transformation zone among women screened in iceland with lbc at the cancer detection clinic in reykjavik and with a conventional pap smear outside the detection clinic in 20072011. Chlamydia testing using floq and uriswabs is also discussed.
Seal the box and label it for delivery to pamlpshmc cytology. Residents ppap smearap smear bioline international. For a pap smear test, you have to lie down on an examination table. Randomised study shows that repeated selfsampling and hpv. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ascus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the abnormal cytological entities detected by cervical pap smear in albaha region of ksa. It may be followed by other tests like a pap for triage. Educational curricula for cytomorphology criteria, laboratory methodologies, and quality assurancequality control processes learned over the years from the pap test form a foundation on which the rest of cytopathology expands.
The bethesda system is now used to interpret pap smear findings. Guidelines on the management of abnormal cervical cytology. A pap test, also called a pap smear, is an exam a doctor uses to test for cervical cancer in women. Pap smear screening programme for detection of abnormal. The experience of the person who is taking the smear is very important in getting smears with adequate cellular composition. A comparison of 3 ways of conventional pap smear, liquid. The aim of this study was to compare two methods for screening for cervical cancer in patients with secondary immunodeficiency, i. After hysterectomy for benign causes, women need not undergo routine pap smears unless symptomatic, history of sil, or has associated risk factors as above. An effective alternate method is proposed by who with visual inspection of acetowhite areas in acetic acid test. Many advanced technologies involving sampling and smear preparation, or screening quality control have been developed to reduce the false negative cases.
The pap test and bethesda 2014 american cancer society. Hkcog guidelines number 3 revised november 2016 4 the bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. Cytohistological correlation of conventional papanicolaou smears in. Please also supply any information that would indicate if the patient is at high risk for. Many women feel anxious or worried when they are told their pap test result is not completely normal. Conclusions regarding the thinprep are difficult to make due to the complexity of cervical cancer screening and the lack of adequate outcomebased data. The history of the bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology goes back almost 3 decades. As the drawing shows, the cervix is the lower, narrower part of the uterus. The sensitivity of conventional pap smear in detecting cervical lesions before cervical cancer is 51%, which means the false negative value is 49%.
Screening for hpv could replace routine pap smears. Histopathology and cytopathology of the uterine cervix digital atlas. For women age 21 to 29, only cytology testing, which looks for abnormal or. Beside a significant relation between positive infection in pap smear report and negative pregnancy test because. The pap test and bethesda 2014 fulltext acta cytologica 2015. Cervical cytology became the standard screening test for cervical cancer and premalignant cervical lesions with the introduction of the papanicolaou pap smear in 1941. For women age 21 to 29, only cytology testing, which looks for abnormal or unhealthy cells under a microscope, should be used. It gives a complete medical dictionary covering hundreds of terms and expressions relating to pap smear.
Pdf cervical cytology by papanicolaou pap smears is an effective means of screening for cervical premalignant and malignant. Cervical lesions are generally screened 1 with pap smear test. Populationbased cohort study assessing the efficacy of. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Liquidbased cytology versus conventional cytology for. This has proven to be more reproducible and divides patients into two managerial subgroups 17. Most information and illustrations in this book are extracted from the authors. Gynecologic cytology laboratory practice and methodology. The current reporting system is the bethesda system, which was introduced in 19886 and later updated again in 1999 table 1. In spite of the wellaccepted contribution of the papanicolaou pap test in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. Conventional pap smear and liquid based cytology for cervical. The detection of hpv in pap smears rests predominantly on the identification of cells known as koilocytes, derived from the greek word koilos meaning hollow or cavity. In a survey from 2015, 8 out of 21 european countries were still only using pap smear cytology and 15 out of 21 countries pap smear cytology in combination with lbc elfstrom et al, 2015.
The guidelines generally advise a reduction in the number of tests women get over their lifetime to better ensure that they receive the benefits of testing while minimizing the harms, and include a preference for cotesting using the pap test and hpv test for women age ages 30 to 65. Department of pathology and laboratory medicine cytology specimens collection, preparation and preservation general collection instructions. In cervical cancer screening, cytology includes a method to smear cells directly on a glass slide using a sampling device, referred to as conventional cytology sampling and liquidbased cytology to stir a sampling device in a cell fixation solvent in a suspension. Cervical cytology sensitivity and specificity overall sensitivity. Pdf conventional pap smear and liquid based cytology for. A pap smear is a simple, quick, and relatively painless screening test in the vast majority of cases, a pap test does identify minor cellular abnormalities before they have had a chance to become malignant and at a point when the condition is most easily treatable. While the liquidbased pap smear remains mainly a screening test for cervical lesions, it does fortuitously detect highgrade endometrial cancers, including carcinosarcoma. For patients who have not undergone concurrent endometrial sampling, a pap smear may be the only initial way an endometrial cancer is detected. Comparison of thinprep and conventional smears in head and neck. If the specimen is a pap smear, the patients age and date of last menstrual period lmp must be given.
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